SHORT HISTORY: The Chalukya were
several
South Indian dynasties that ruled in the Deccan and are considered to
be natives to the Karnataka region. They claimed descent
from
Pulakesin I (reigned 543-566), who established himself at Badami (in
Bijapur) and who asserted their
independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose
to
prominence during the reign of Pulakesin II (reigned 609–642).
The Early Chalukyas held power in northern Karnataka from the 6th
century
until 757, and were rivals to the Pallavas. Vengi (in East Andhra
Pradesh)
became the centre of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty, which ruled there
from
624 until the 11th century, surviving the fall of the Early Chalukyas
in
Badami. The Late Chalukyas gained ascendancy in the Deccan about 973,
centered
at Kalyani. The history of the Kalyani Chalukya kingdom was largely one
of war with the Cholas and defense against the incursions of the Turks
and Arabs who were plundering North India. The kingdom broke up in
1189.
Rulers were...
EARLY CHALUKYA:
Ruled in Gujarat 543/747
- Raja PULAKESIN I 543/566, founded Vatapi (modern Badami in
Bijapur
district)
and made it his capital. His sons extended the boundaries of the
Chalukya
kingdom.
- Raja KIRTIVARMAN I 566/597
- Raja PULAKESIN II 608/642, was the greatest ruler of the
Chalukya
dynasty.
He consolidated his authority in Maharashtra and conquered large parts
of the Deccan around 616AD. He clashed successfully with the Pallava
empire in Tamil
Nadu, and also conquered the Cheras and the Pandyas. In 609 (624?), he
appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as the Viceroy of Vengi, who
subsequently declared his independence and established the Eastern
Chalukya
Empire. His greatest achievement was his victory against Raja
Harshvardhan, Uttarapatheshvara
(Lord of the North), in 620, around this time he received the title of Dakshinapatheshvara
(Lord of the South), however, he was defeated and killed by the Pallava
king Narasimhavarman in 642 and his capital, Vatapi was completely
destroyed,
he married and had issue. He died 642.
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA I (qv)
- Raja KUBJA VISHNUVARDHANA (see below)
- Prince Jayasimhavarman, married and had issue.
- Avanijanashraya
Pulakesin
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA I 642/680, also as great a ruler as
his father,
he renewed the struggle against the Pallavas and recovered the former
glory
of the Chalukyas, although the clashes with the Pallava Empire
continued
until Vikramaditya II won a comprehensive victory against the Pallavas
in 735.
- Raja VIJAYADITYA 696/733, married and had issue.
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA II (qv)
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA II 733/745, attacked and invaded
Kanchipuram three times, won a comprehensive
victory against
the Pallavas in 735 forcing the King into exile, married and had issue.
He died 745.
- Raja KIRTI VARMAN II (qv)
- Raja KIRTI VARMAN II 745/753, defeated by the Pandya
king at Venbai, his western provinces as well as the Telugu provinces
of Kalinga and Kosala in the south and east were wrested from him by
Dantigurda who also allied himself with the Pallava king, thus
isolating Kirtivarman completely, and he was finally overthrown
by Raja Dantidurga of the Rashtrakutas in 753.
INTERREGNUM 753/848, the
Deccan
under Muslim rule, Chalukya rule continues at Vengi.
EASTERN CHALUKYA:
Ruled in Vengi 624/1075. This branch of the Chalukyas of Badami is
referred
to as the "Eastern Chalukyas" by the historians. Pulakesin II, the
renowned
ruler of Chalukyas conquered Vengi (near Eluru) in 624 and installed
his
brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana on the throne. They ruled
at first from Pistapura, then from Vengi and later from Rajamahendri
(Rajahmundry).
In 1189, the Empire succumbed to the Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra and the
Yadavas
of Yadugiri.
- Raja KUBJA VISHNUVARDHANA I 624/641, initially installed as
Viceroy by
his
brother, he declared himself independent and expanded his dominions
which
now contained Srikakulam in the north and Nellore in the south, he
married and had issue. He died 641.
- Raja INDRA BHATTARAKA 673
- Raja VISHNUVARDHANA II 673/681
- Raja MANGI YUVARAJA 681/705, then followed a period of
unrest
characterised
by family feuds and weak rulers. In the meanwhile, the Rashtrakutas of
Malkhed ousted Chalukyas of Badami. The weak rulers of Vengi had to
meet
the challenge of the Rashtrakutas, who overran their kingdom more than
once.
- Raja JAYASIMHA II 705/718
- Raja VISHNUVARDHANA III 718/755
- Raja VIJAYADITYA I 755/772
- Raja VISHNUVARDHANA IV 772/808
- Raja VIJAYADITYA II 808/847
- Raja VISHNUVARDHANA V 847/848
- Raja VIJAYADITYA III 848/892, died 892.
- Raja BHIMA I (nephew) 892/921, built
a temple in
honour of Siva at Draksharama.
- Raja VIJAYADITYA IV 921, married and had issue.
- Raja AMMA I [VIJAYADITYA V] (qv)
- Raja AMMA I [VIJAYADITYA V] 921/927, compelled
to
take
refuge in the fort of Pithapuram, where he founded a dynasty.
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA II 927/928
- Raja YUDDAMALLA II 928/935
- Raja AMMA II [VIJAYADITYA VI] 947/970
- Raja DANARNAVA 970/973, married and had issue. He died 973.
- Raja SAKTIVARMAN I (qv)
- Raja VIMALADITYA (qv)
- Raja JATA CHODA BHIMA 973/1000, from
Pedakallu
in Kurnool
district.
- Raja SAKTIVARMAN I 1000/1011
- Raja VIMALADITYA 1011/1018, fled from
the
Kingdom
and took
refuge in the court of the Chola King Rajaraja I (985/1016), Rajaraja
invaded
Vengi on behalf of the sons of Danarnava. In this war, Jata Choda Bhima
was killed and Vengi passed into the hands of Rajaraja. This was not
liked
by Satyasraya, an early ruler of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani. As a
result of this, Vengi became the bone of contention between the Cholas
and Chalukyas of Kalyani to the west, married Rani Kundavai, daughter
of
King RAJARAJA I Chola, and had issue.
- Raja VIJAYADITYA VII (qv)
- Raja RAJARAJA NARENDRA (qv)
- Raja RAJARAJA NARENDRA 1018/1061, Raja of Vengi
1022/-, married and had issue. He died 1064.
- Raja Rajakesari KULOTTUNGA CHOLA I [Rajendra Chalukya],
succeeded to the Chola Empire in 1070.
- Raja SAKTIVARMAN II 1061/1063
- Raja VIJAYADITYA VII 1063/1068 and 1072/1075, the
rule
of Vijayaditya
VII, the last king of the eastern Chalukya dynasty, witnessed an
invasion
of the Vengi kingdom by the Chedi King of Dahala, Yasahkarnadeva in
1073.
Vijayaditya VII lost his kingdom and with his death in 1075 the eastern
Chalukya dynasty came to an end.
WESTERN CHALUKYA:
Ruled in the Western Deccan 973/1189
- Raja TAILAPA II [Ahavamalla] 973/997, founder of the later
Western
(Kalyani)
Chalukyas, he consolidated his realm with the help of the early
Chalukya
family and with the help of Kadambas and recovered much of the lost
territories
of earlier Chalukyas. He overthrew the Rashtrakutas and recovered most
of the Chalukya empire, except for Gujarat. Kalyani was the capital of
the empire, and the Chalukyas of this period are known as the Kalyani
Chalukyas, he also defeated the Chola ruler in 980, and later the
Paramara king of Malwa, who died in captivity, he defeated the Ganga
dynasty and the
Shilaharas of South Konkana, and in 992 inflicted a heavy loss on the
Chola ruler, he married and had issue.
- Raja SATYASRAYA [Irivabedanga] (qv)
- Raja SATYASRAYA [Irivabedanga] 997/1008, though the
Paramara ruler regained the territories lost earlier, he won a
victory against
King Rajaraja Chola who had invaded Satyasraya's region as well as the
Shilahara ruler of north Konkana, he invaded Vengi in 1006 but was
compelled to return to the western Deccan, married and had issue.
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA V (qv)
- Raja JAYASIMHA II (qv)
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA V 1008/1014
- Raja JAYASIMHA II 1015/1042, he repelled invasions from the
Paramara king of Malwa and
the
southern invasion from the Chola King Rajendra, occupied parts of Vengi
in 1018, but was defeated at Maski, he moved his
capital
from Malkhed to Kalyana (in Bidar), married and had issue.
- Raja SOMESVARA I [Ahavamalla] (qv)
- [Raja JAGADHEKAMALLA I,
he is stated to have defeated Bhoja,
the ruler of
Malava
confederacy and the Chedi King.?]
- Raja SOMESVARA I [Ahavamalla] 1042/1068,
founded the city of Kalyani and moved his kingdom to that
location, defeated by the Chola forces at the Battle of Dannada on the
Krishna river, further defeats occurred and the Chalukya capital was
occupied, however he managed to defeat the Chola forces and drive them
out of Chalukya territories by 1050, increased his influence in the
Eastern Chalukya kingdom, and made raids into Chola lands who
retaliated at the Battle of Koppam in 1054, and defeated him,
suffered another defeat in 1066 on the western front, and later near
Vijayawada in the east, married and had issue. He
committed suicide by drowning in
the Tungabhadra at Kuruvatti on 29th March 1068.
- Raja SOMESVARA II (qv)
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA II (qv)
- Prince Jayasimha, rebelled briefly and unsuccessfully
against his brother.
- Raja SOMESVARA II 1068/1076 (deposed), installed on the
Chalukyan throne in April 1068. Soon after a dispute
broke out between him and his younger brother Vikramaditya and a civil
war ensued in the Western Chalukya country, in which he suffered major
losses and he had to cede the
southern part of his kingdom (Gangavadi) to his brother, who eventually
deposed him in 1076.
- Raja VIKRAMADITYA VI Tribhuvanamalla, Raja of Kalyana
1076/1126,
noted for his patronage of arts
and letters, he conquered the Cholas,
Keralas and Sri Lanka, and as an army leader of his brother, he
received
submission
from the ruler of Konkan, and soon marched against Vira Rajendra Chola,
the latter sued for peace by giving his daughter in marriage, in 1085
he seized Kanchi from the
Cholas and in 1088 he conquered major parts of the Vengi Kingdom, which
changed hands in 1099 and back again in 1118; in 1116 his ally, Raja
Vishnuvardhana, King of the Hoysalas, changed sides and made inroads
into Chalukya territory but was driven out, and submitted in 1123, he
married (amongst others), a
daughter of Raja Rajakesari
VIRARAJENDRA Chola, and had issue. He died
1126.
- Raja SOMESVARA III 1126/1138, was more interested in
literary
matters
and allowed Vishnuvardhana Hoysala to take an opportunity to declare
independence.
- Raja JAGADHEKAMALLA II 1138/1151, during his reign the
Hoysalas invaded Chalukya
territory.
- Raja TAILAPA III 1151/1164, he was captured by the Kakatiya
invader
Prola
I and his commander-in-chief, Bijjala Kalachuri usurped the throne.
- Raja BIJJALA KALACHURI 1164/1168, strengthened the position
of his
kingdom,
which saw rapid succession after his reign.
- Raja SOMESVARA IV 1168/1177, the Chalukyas were able to
recover their
territory
under the leadership of Somesvara IV, the son of Tailapa III. His
suzerainty
was acknowledged by the last Kalachuri ruler Singhana. He soon gained
allegiance
of Kadambas of both Goa and Banavasi, and Pandyas of Uchchangi. With
the
attack from the Hoysalas under Vira Ballala I and the Yadavas of
Devagiri,
the later Western Chalukya dynasty came to and end in about 1189.
- Raja SANKAMA II 1177/1180
- Raja AHAVAMALLA 1180/1183
- Raja SINGHANA 1183/1184, ruled peacefully in
succession.
- [?Raja Jagadhekamalla III 1163/1183]
- [?Raja Somesvara IV 1184/1200]
SOLANKI:
Ruled in Gujarat from their capital Anhilwara (modern day
Siddhpur Patan) 942/1244
- Raja MULRAJA I Gurjaresh 942/997, Chalukya prince of
Kalyani, founded
an
independent
dynasty, known as Chalukya of Anahilapataka or the Solanki dynasty,
expanded his territories by defeating the rulers of Saurashtra and
Kachchh. He
is famous for building the great temple of Rudramahalya at Sidhpur, he
married and had issue.
- Raja CHAMUNDARAJA 997/1009, married and had issue.
- Raja VALLBARAJA (qv)
- Raja DURLABHARAJ (qv)
- Rao Nagraj, married and had issue.
- Raja VALLABHSEN 1009 (for six months)
- Raja DURLABHARAJ 1009/1024, married and had issue.
- Raja BHIMDEV I 1024/1064, married and had
issue.
- Raja KARANDEV (qv)
- Rao Kshemraj, married and had issue.
- Rao Devprasad, married and had issue.
- Raja KUMARPAL (qv)
- Rao Kirtipal
- Rao Mahipal, married and had issue.
- Raja AJAYPAL (qv)
- Raja BHIMDEV II (qv)
- Raja KARANDEV 1064/1093, defeated the Bhil king Ashapall,
and after his
victory established a city named Karnavati on the banks of the
Sabarmati River, at the site of modern Ahmedabad, he married and had
issue.
- Raja SIDDHRAJ JAYSINGH (qv)
- Raja SIDDHRAJ JAYSINGH 1093/1142, conquered Saurashtra as
well as Malwa.
- Raja KUMARPAL 1142/1172, he was a patron of scholars and he
also rebuilt the Somnath temple.
- Raja AJAYPAL 1172/1176, married and had issue.
- Raja BHIMDEV II 1178/1241, married and had issue.
- Raja TRIBHUVANPAL (qv)
- Raja MANGALDEV (qv)
- Rao Lakshman Prashat, married and had issue.
- Rao Veerhaval, married and had issue.
- Rao Vyaghra Dev, moved to Bagelkhand in the middle of
the 14th century, and
obtained the fortress of Marpha, 18 miles northeast of Kalinjar,
married and had issue.
- Rao Karan Dev, married a Kalychuri (Haihaya)
princess of Mandla, and
received the fortress of Bandogarh as her dowry. Bandogarh continued to
serve as
the seat of the Solankis of Bagelkhand until its destruction by the
Mughal emperor Akbar in 1597.
- Rao Kandhar Dev, founder of Kasota.
- Rao Keerti Dev, founder of Pitapur.
- Rao Surat Dev, married and had issue.
- Rao SHAKTIVAN, founder of the Princely State of Rewah
[1499]
- Rao Sangram Singh, ancestor of the Toda family.
- Raja TRIBHUVANPAL 1241/1244, last ruler of Gujarat of the
Solanki
dynasty,
with authority passing to the related Vaghela rulers of Dholka, married
and had issue.
- Raja RANAKDEV 1276/1307, founder of the Rajawat branch of
the Solanki dynasty, left Patan and settled in Ranakpur around 1276, he
attacked the Sonigra rajputs of Jalore and the Deora rajputs of Sirohi
and annexed their jagirs, he married 1stly, Rani Raimati Kanwar Chavda
of Kathumbar, married 2ndly, Rani Man Kanwar, daughter of Rao Duda
Parihar of Mandore, and had issue. He died 1307.
- Raja KARANDEV (by Rani Raimati Kanwar) 1307/1336,
married 1stly, Rani Raj Kanwar, daughter of Rao Bharmal Bhati of
Jaisalmer, married 2ndly, Rani Chundawatiji, and had issue. He died
1336.
- Raja GODADEV (by Rani Raj Kanwar) 1336/1377, fought
with Nawab Himmat Khan Mohabat Khan of Palanpur in 1343, married 1stly,
Rani Roop Kanwar, daughter of Rao Sujan Singh Sonigra of Jalore,
married Rani Man Kanwar of Salumbar, and had issue. He died 1377.
- Raja SARANGDEV (by Rani Roop Kanwar) 1377/-,
married 1stly, Rani Phool Kanwar, daughter of Rao Jaimal Rathore of
Barmer, married 2ndly, Rani Bhavanti Kanwar of Khanderav Man, and had
issue.
- Raja TRIBHUVANPAL (by Rani Phool Kanwar) -/1409,
married 1stly, Rani Rajmati Kanwar Madrecha Chauhan of Desuri, married
2ndly, Rani Raimati Kanwar Chavda of Saranpur, and had issue. He died
1409.
- Raja DEEPA (by Rani Rajmati Kanwar) 1409/1439,
married 1stly, Rani Roop Kanwar, daughter of Raja Ram Singh Deora of
Sirohi, married 2ndly, Rani Damyanti Kanwar Sonigara of Mallargarh, and
had issue. He died 1439.
- Raja BHOJA (by Rani Damyanti Kanwar) 1439/1477,
married and had issue. He died 1477.
- Raja FATEH SINGH 1477/1480, ancestor of the
Thakurs of Roopnagar, Siryari,
Sansari and Jilwara. He died 1480.
- Rao Deokaran DEOKARAN (qv)
- Rao Bheem (by Rani Damyanti Kanwar)
- Rao Saidas (by Rani Damyanti Kanwar)
- Rao Sajja (by Rani Damyanti Kanwar)
- Kumari Jatan Kanwar (by Rani Damyanti Kanwar)
- Rao Devidas (by Rani Raimati Kanwar), settled
in Manchalgarh and was the
ancestor of the Manchla Solankis.
- Rao Deidas (by Rani Raimati Kanwar), settled in
Lahecha village and was
ancestor of the Lahecha Solankis.
- Rao Duda (by Rani Raimati Kanwar), settled in
Ravdecha village and was
ancestor of the Ravdecha Solankis.
- Rao Satta (by Rani Raimati Kanwar), ancestor of
the Sattawat Solankis who
held the thikanas of Kot Solankiyan, Panota, Mevi and Bhagora.
- Rao Chanda (by Rani Raimati Kanwar)
- Rao Jassa (by Rani Raimati Kanwar), settled in
Jogda village and was
ancestor of the Jogda Solankis.
- Kumari Dev Kanwar (by Rani Raimati Kanwar)
- Kumari Hans Kanwar (by Rani Phool Kanwar)
- Kumari Lal Kanwar (by Rani Phool Kanwar)
- Rao Gauda (by Rani Bhavanti Kanwar)
- Rao Surtan (by Rani Roop Kanwar)
- Rao Baj Singh (by Rani Man Kanwar)
- Rao Pratap Singh (by Rani Man Kanwar)
- Rao Pehap Singh (by Rani Man Kanwar)
- Kumari Raj Kanwar (by Rani Roop Kanwar)
- Rao Udaikaran (by Rani Raj Kanwar)
- Rao Inder Singh (by the Chundawat Rani)
- Rao Keshar Singh (by the Chundawat Rani)
- Rao Tejpal Singh (by Rani Man Kanwar)
- Rao Bajraj Singh (by Rani Man Kanwar)
- Rao Manraj Singh (by Rani Man Kanwar)
- Rao MANGALDEV 1244/1260 in Siddhpur Patan
- Rao GANESH DEV 1260/1290, married and had issue.
- Rao BHANU DEV (qv)
- Rao BHISHAM DEV, founder of the ruling family of the
Princely State of Lunawada [1295].
- Rao DEVRAJ SINGH 1430/1476, married and had issue.
- Rao Jai Singh
- Rao Ram Singh
- Rao Amrat Dev, married the daughter of Raja Bariar Dev,
and had issue.
- Rao KESAR DEV, founder of the Mehsana
Thikana
family of Patan in Gujarat.
VAGHELA:
Ruled
in Gujarat 1244/1304, this was a branch of the Solanki Kings, and
initially
ruled at Dholka.
- Raja SARANGADEVA 1275/1297
- Raja KARNADEVA 1297/1304, submitted to the Delhi Empire.
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