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%X'Human Rights & Catholic Social Teaching&Finding a common language of discourse& What are Human Rights? Rights that are inherent to the human being Legally guaranteed by human rights law Many international human rights instruments adopted since 1945 Regional and national instruments also exist Human rights principles: inherent; universal; inalienable; indivisible; interrelated Human Rights Principles@ hInherent: arise from human nature itself Universal: apply to everyone at all times, everywhere Inalienable: cannot be taken away or given away Indivisible: civil & political rights, together with economic, social & cultural rights make up an integral whole Interrelated: not discrete or separate; violation of one right may affect the respect of several othersiZi@ h Human Rights Standards@ International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights International Covenant on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment Convention on the Rights of the ChildBp   Duty Bearers @  -International human rights standards apply to governments that have ratified particular instruments All members of the UN are bound by its Charter Obligations imposed on States by the standards: respect; protect; fulfill human rights. Individuals & corporations share the duty to respect human rights..Z.@ C Obligations of States Parties@ Respecting Human Rights: ensure that laws, policies, administrative practices do not violate human rights. Protecting Human Rights: ensure protection of rights when they are violated or placed at risk; provide open & accessible forms of redress when violations occur Fulfilling Human Rights: base social & economic policies on the realization of human rights either directly or by enabling individuals & communities to realize their rights.Z@  Progressive Realization@ Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps, individually and through international assistance and cooperation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures. International Covenant on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights, Article 24ZHZ@HB H Accountability@ States Parties are accountable to their own people & to the international community Human rights instruments contain accountability mechanisms Restrictions of rights may be allowed if they are determined by law and are only for the purpose of securing recognition of the rights of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic societyZ@ %Church Response to Human Rights Ideas% Rejection: Pius VI  Pius IX Discernment: Leo XIII  Pius XII Dialogue: John XXIII  Vatican II Announcement: Paul VI - Present@ 8Rejection: Pius VI  Pius IX French Revolution seen as proclaiming a  liberty that was total & without limits: freedom from God, the laws of God, requirements of the common good Reaction against the anti-religious, anticlerical, rationalist & indifferentist spirit of the Charter of 1789 Freedom of opinion & separation of Church & State seen by Gregory XVI as  crazed absurdity (Mirari Vos, 1832) Error has no rights: rejected religious liberty, freedom of the press, & indifferentism Pius IX Quanta Cura & the Syllabus of Errors, 1864BZa g$s Discernment: Leo XIII =Leo XIII accepted some positive elements in human rights ideas, seeing human dignity as the root of natural, universal and inviolable rights State to exercise authority according to the rule of law, defend the powerless, and to promote the common good Rerum Novarum (1891) elaborates a series of socio-economic rights$> 5= Discernment: Pius XI Non Abbiamo Bisogno (1931) against fascism, in favour of liberty of conscience Mit Brennender Sorge (1937) against Nazism, idolatry of the State, for right to profess one s faith, live according to it, primary right of parents in the education of their children Divini Redemptoris (1937) against communism & its reversal of the order of relations between the person and the State Nos Es Muy Conocida (1937) legitimate to defend one s religious and civil libertiesTZ<dA| TDiscernment: Pius XII Christmas Radio Messages during WWII set out what would be needed to reconstruct just & peaceful nations La Solenita (1940?) five stars of peace Develops role of the State in relation to persons and human rights.Q ` Dialogue: John XXIII & VII Mater et magistra (1961) increasing consciousness of their own dignity & rights by workers, women, and newly independent nations seen as a positive sign of the times Pacem in terris (1963) sets out the rights and duties of individuals within the community, and the rights and duties of political communities. Need for a supranational authority. Affirms the UDHR, sees human rights as based on the dignity of the person created in the image & likeness of God.0Z Announcement: Paul VI -  "Synod of Bishops, 1971 saw the promotion of human rights as central to the demands of the Gospel Paul VI s gestures of peace eg World Day of Prayer for Peace; established Pontifical Commission (now Council) for Justice & Peace; actions at UN; diplomatic action; papal travels JPII s social encyclicals, UN interventions, travels. Explicitly Christological and incarnational grounding for human rights.Z ~ #Key Elements of a Catholic ApproachGod is source of human dignity and human rights are the claims made by human dignity Equal dignity of all persons, bearers of the image of God Freedom is limited by truth, God s law Rights entail corresponding duties Individual and collective balanced under the the common good Social nature of the person recognized in collective rightsRZRR !Major Principles of CST 9Human dignity The common good Subsidiarity Solidarity 9:9 " Human DignityEvery human being is made in the image and likeness of God and has an inalienable and transcendent human dignity which gives rise to human rights. People are always more important than things. People are never a means or an instrument to be used for the benefit of another. Every human person is equal in dignity and rights. Every human community, every race and culture is is equal in dignity and rights. The human family is one because we are all children of the one God. ZZZZZ  #Human Dignity & Respect for the human person entails respect for the rights that flow from his [sic] dignity as a creature. These rights are prior to society and must be recognized by it. They are the basis of the moral legitimacy of every authority; by flouting them, or refusing to recognize them in its positive legislation, a society undermines its own moral legitimacy ... Catechism of the Catholic Church, n 1930 Created in the image and likeness of the one God and equally endowed with rational souls, all men have the same nature and the same origin. Redeemed by the sacrifice of Christ, all are called to participate in the same divine beatitude: all therefore enjoy an equal dignity. Catechism of the Catholic Church, n 1934lZ)ZZ)Zl" """" "" " " $The Common GoodWe are all really responsible for each other and must work for social conditions which ensure that every person and every group in society is able to meet their needs and realize their potential. Every group in society must take into account the rights and aspirations of other groups, and of the well being of the whole human family. God intended the goods of creation for the use of all, and so everyone has a right to access the goods of creation to meet their needs.ZZZZZ%"The Common Good & cEvery day human interdependence grows more tightly drawn and spreads by degrees over the whole world. As a result the common good, that is, the sum of those conditions of social life which allow social groups and their individual members relatively thorough and ready access to their own fulfillment, today takes on an increasingly universal complexion and consequently involves rights and duties with respect to the whole human race. Every social group must take account of the needs and legitimate aspirations of other groups, and even of the entire human family. Vatican Council II, Gaudium et Spes, n 26 8Z*ZZ8""""""d & Subsidiarity Responsibility should be kept as close as possible to the grassroots. The people or groups most directly affected by a decision or policy should have a key decision making role. More encompassing groups should only intervene to support smaller, more local groups in case of need, and where this is necessary in order to coordinate their activities with the activities of other groups in order to promote the common good.T' Subsidiarity & ... the principle of subsidiarity must be respected: a community of a higher order should not interfere in the internal life of a community of a lower order, depriving the later of its functions, but rather should support it in case of need and help to coordinate its activity with the activities of the rest of society, always with a view to the common good. John Paul II, Centesimus Annus, n 48 iZ%ZZh " """ (!Subsidiarity & On the basis of this principle, all societies of a superior order must adopt attitudes of help ( subsidium )  therefore of support, promotion, development  with respect to lower-order societies. In this way, intermediate social entities can properly perform the functions that fall to them without being required to hand them over unjustly to other social entities of a higher level, by which they would end up being absorbed and substituted, in the end seeing themselves denied their dignity and essential place. Pontifical Council for Justice & Peace, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, n 186 lZ`ZZ"" _"e )" Solidarity Human beings are social by nature. We can not survive without others and can only grow and achieve our potential in relationship with others. Our salvation is bound up with that of each other. Solidarity is a firm and persevering determination to commit oneself to the common good.d3Y*#Solidarity &  VSolidarity helps us to see the  other - whether a person, people, or nation - not just as some kind of instrument, with a work capacity and physical strength to be exploited at low cost and then discarded when no longer useful, but as our neighbour, a helper (cf Gn 2:18-20), to be a sharer, on a par with ourselves, in the banquet of life to which all are equally invited by God. John Paul II, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, n 39 d~Z.Z~ """ 'Key Elements of a Rights Based Approach((@' Analysis based on the realization of each right Objectives based on human rights terms Meaningful participation at each stage Measuring outcomes in human rights terms Utilizing mechanisms of accountability@  Human Rights Analysis@ Identify: Rights involved Current state of play Duty bearers Actions needed in the long and short terms for the realization of rights |@   Objectives Based on Rights Terms!!@  What steps must be taken by authorities to respect each right involved? What action is necessary to protect people from human rights breaches? What policies need to be adopted by the government within its resource constraints to guarantee at least minimum services for each objective? What priority choice must be made in the allocation of such resources? What level of participation is needed in assisting the design of appropriate programs?B  &Meaningful Participation at Each Stage''@& eParticipation is the manifestation of the indivisibility of rights. Participation ensures that groups and individuals play a role in the realization of economic and social rights through the expression of the popular will. Participation is also recognized as a key concept in the Right to Development whereby not only can the human person have a say in decisions that affect the realization of rights but genuine and meaningful participation also guarantees that the benefits of development are shared more equitably. Human Rights Council of Australia, The Rights Way to Development, HRCA, Maroubra, 2001, p 179PZ^ZB#BBBe  Human Rights Outcomes@ The obligations to respect, protect and fulfill human rights will each require separate indicators. Indicators should be built into monitoring & evaluation processes. National human rights action plans can provide benchmarks. Periodic reports to treaty committees can be useful$Z``  Accountability Mechanisms@ QExhaust domestic remedies before approaching international mechanisms Six major human rights treaties have committees Treaty bodies typically require periodic reports from States Parties Treaty bodies can make recommendations to governments Special Rapporteurs generally have mandates to research & report on topics or country situationsRZR@ aA Common Language of Discourse +CST in dialogue with modern human rights discourse Human rights law is a product of historical political compromises Resist temptation to conflate the discourses choose language according to audience & purpose Articulate our human rights commitments from faith perspective & speak to pluralist world,Z,+  ` 33ff̙` 3f3f` ___>?" dd@$?nKd@u< t@  " d`  n?" dd@   @@``@n?" dd@  @@``PV    @ ` `p>> '(|(   T   "r  B2? 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