Ruminant Feeds

According to proprietary information the addition of Natuzyme to a variety of mixed diets for both dairy and beef cattle gives significant improvements in response ( milk yield , appr. + 4-6 kg/day, from 40kg/day to 45-46 kg/day or body weight gain ) largely as a result of increased feed intake ( Dry Matter Intake, DMI + appr. 2kg/day, from 24.5 kg/day up to 26.5kg/day ).

The cows were fed and managed the same for the 2 first weeks of lactation and then assigned to the treatment groups and fed until 16 weeks of lactation. The Natuzyme was applied to the ruminant diet at the point of feeding.

Effects of natuzyme on hydrolysis and rate of fermentation of alfalfa in vitro.

A.A. Naserian, S.Ghasemi. Animal Science Department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Khorasan.

The use of enzymes as additives in ruminant diets has received considerable research interest and recently following a positive responses observed in a feeding trials, the objective of present study was to determine the effects of natuzyme on rate of fermentation of alfalfa in vitro. Natuzyme had significant effect on gas production (p<=0.05), values for each treatment were averaged across replicates and equation p=a+b (1 - e^-ct) was employed to fit data, gas production rate and cumulative gas production were affected by Natuzyme Supplementation (p<=0.05). So, addition of a fibrolytic enzyme mixture increased the rate of gas production.

Key words: mixture enzyme, fermentation, gas production.

Further trial results on Ruminant feeds; alfalfa in vitro, dairy cows, Holstein calves, beef cattle

Effects of mixture enzymes on hydrolysis and rate of fermentation of alfalfa in vitro.

A.A. Naserian, S. Ghasemi.

Animal Science Department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Khorasan,

P.O. Box: 91775-1163, IRAN.

The use of enzymes as additives in ruminant diets has received considerable research interest and recently following positive responses observed in feeding trials, the objective of present study was to determine the effects of mixture enzymes on rate of fermentation of alfalfa in vitro.  The gas production system consisted of 64 gas serum bottle (100ml) and one incubation chamber (39±1 c ) were used to hold the 64 serum bottle and bottle were continuously shaken with an orbital shaker.  0.2g of ground alfalfa (replicate four times) were weighted in to each bottle. The enzyme mixture (Natuzymeª, Bioproton Pty Ltd., Australia) was applied at 4 levels (0,2,4,8 g/kg alfalfa, air dry basis), then 20ml of rumen fluid and 10ml of buffer were added to each bottle and initial volume of each bottle was 30ml, gas production was measured for 96 hours (0,2,4,6,8,12,24,48,72,96), the values corrected for the gas released from blank (rumen fluid + buffer) and initial volume. Data were analysed Using General Linear models procedures of SAS V6.12 for ANOVA to evaluate differences among experimental groups, means were compared with Duncan test. Enzymes had significant effect on gas production (p<=.05), values for each treatment were averaged across replicates and equation p=a+b (1 - e ^-ct ) was employed to fit data, gas production rate and cumulative gas production were affected by enzyme Supplementation (p<=0.05).  So, addition of a Fibrolytic enzyme mixture increased the rate of gas production.

Key words:  mixture enzyme, fermentation, gas production

Effects of a fibrolytic enzyme mixture on dairy cows performance

S.Ghasemi, A.A. Naserian

Animal science department of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Khorasan, P.O. Box: 91775-1163, Iran

Introduction Exogenous enzymes have been used extensively to remove anti nutritional factors from feeds, to increase the digestibility of existing nutrients and to supplement the activity of the endogenous enzymes of poultry.  However, studies using various enzyme products fed to ruminants have been recently reported (Bowman etal., 2002 and Colombatto etal., 2003).  Various factors such as enzyme type and preparation, application method, amount of enzyme applied and to what fraction of diet, and animal differences have lead to inconsistencies and variation of results.  Therefore, the objective of present study was to determine the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme mixture on dairy cows performance.

Materials and methods Nine multiparous and primiparous lactating Holstein cows, in early lactation, were randomly assigned to treatments in 3_3 latin square design. Cows averaged 53.88±8.19 DIM.  The cows were given ad libitum a total mixed ration composed of 41% forage and 59% concentrate (DM basis).  Treatments were (1.) no enzyme (2.) enzyme added to concentrate portion of the TMR (0.5 kg/tone)

(3.) Enzyme added to concentrate portion of the TMR (1kg/tone).  The used enzyme was Natuzymeª (Bioproton Pty Ltd).  The appropriate amount of enzyme was added to concentrate at the time of mixing.

Results milk production, protein and lactose percentage was numerically, but not significantly, greater in cows fed the diet containing the enzyme compared to those fed control diet (table 1).  Fat percentage was numerically higher in treatment groups, in comparison with control group, but it was not significant (table1).  DMI was significantly higher in control groups (p<=05) (table 1).  Milk production increased 4.5% in cows received enzyme, in comparison with control group.

                                    Table 1.  Effect of enzyme on cow's performance

Conclusion The enzyme increased milk production and decreased DMI, so this increase in the production may be attributed to an increase in digestibility and intake of digestible DM, not to increase DMI intake.

References

Bowman, G.R.,  K.A. Beauchemin, and J.A. Shelford. 2002.  The proportion of the diet to which fibrolytic enzymes are added affects nutrient digestion by lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:3420-3429.  Colombatto, D.,  D.P. Morgavi, A.F. Furtado, and K.A. Beauchemin. 2003.  Screening of exogenous enzymes for ruminant diets: relationship between biochemical characteristics and in vitro ruminant degradation.  J. Anim. Sci 81:2628-2638.

Using mixture enzyme as feed additive in growing diets of young Holstein calves

Abbasali Naserian ^1, Behnam saremi ^*2 , Mohsen Sari ¹ , 1-Animal Science Department, Agric. College, Ferdowsi Uni., mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran ¹ , 2-Animal Science Department, Education centre of khorasan Jihad-Agriculture, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran ²  .

In order to investigate effects of enzyme addition to young calves diet and its effects on their performance, eighteen female Holstein calves (Birth weight 39.5±5.1 Kg) were placed in different treatments after weaning: (1.) control (2.) 0.5% enzyme (3.) 1% enzyme.  The commercial enzyme (NATUZYMEª, Bioproton, Australia) was a mixture of cellulase, xylanase, B-glucanase, A-amylase, protease, pectinase and phytase and was used for non-ruminants up to now.  Calves were fed 10% birth weight milk up to weaning at 60 days old and they had free access to water and feed.  Diets were formulated according to NCR 2001 to meet calves requirements.  Calves were weighted and body measurements (wither height, hip height, body length, pin width, hip width, stomach size, heart girth, metacarpus size and metatarsus size) were taken periodically (60, 80, 100, 120 days old).  Intake of calves was measured daily.  Feed to gain ratio was determined.  Rumen (pH) and blood samples (Glucose, BUN) were taken at sampling dates.  Data were analysed using completely randomised design with SAS 6.12.  Means were compared using Duncan test.  Results showed that daily dry matter in take was reduced using enzyme as feed additive (P<0.01) but daily gain of calves was increase non-significantly so that feed to gain ratio was improved with enzyme increase up to 1% (P>0.05).  body measurements were improved with enzyme addition to calves diet that in some cases there were significant differences between treatments (p<0.01) like wither height at 120 days old and Body length increase during 60 days trial.  Rumen pH, Blood glucose and BUN were not affected by enzyme addition.  Data showed that increasing level of enzyme up to 1% could improve performance of calves without side effects on rumen characteristics and blood metabolites during weaning to 4 months old.

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